carlo rovelli quantum gravity

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It hasn’t.

So much less old than what general relativity and quantum mechanics are for today. I think, given the strangeness of quantum mechanics, any way we think it is, comes with a price. And he said it openly. But experimentally, if you just look at it carefully enough, really, really dim light, it comes in packets. And the first one, there’ll be a temptation to talk about it for half an hour, but let’s not, there’s loop quantum gravity, there’s string theory, there are other approaches, causal set theory and Euclidean quantum gravity and so forth. I’m with you… So that’s the easy part, right? And Einstein was fascinated by Maxwell’s theory, by electromagnetism, which was not very old at his time, because it was, what, 30, 40 years old, something like that. Certainly, it was one of the things that inspired people to get quantum mechanics, the word quantum, right? And Einstein was the first one to introduce the notion of photons. 1:05:53 SC: Right. Download Episode His work is mainly in the field of quantum gravity, where he is among the founders of the loop quantum gravity theory. 0:13:54 CR: Right. And I think I’ve phrased it in a way that you may agree. I have no clue about the maths though, so I am probably way off .

0:30:44 CR: And why points lose their meaning in quantum gravity is because the gravitational field is also space. Quantum Gravity de Carlo Rovelli est un excellent livre pour aborder la quantification canonique de la gravitation. 0:23:54 CR: And so I find that if we want to be a realist about the wave function, we have… Actually, let me step back for a moment. And I think that now with quite strong evidence that Lorentz invariance is not violated at the scale required by those theories. 0:23:47 SC: I see our direct experience of reality as tremendously overrated, frankly. The mathematics of quantum mechanics that describe this pixelated space. Living up to my every expectation. So when the LHC, the big machine, the accelerator of particle, turned on… Quite quickly saw the Higgs, fantastic, that was predicted by the standard model, but there was a very large part of the community of theoretical physicists that expected, very strongly, was almost convinced that supersymmetric particle had to come out and be seen.
It is very intuitive to us, even if pendulums and inclined planes tortured us as undergraduates, we kind of get it in a fundamental, visceral way. So people who worked in string theory, especially at the beginning, were not, how would I say, were mostly thinking in a sort of pre-general relativistic way. 0:22:19 SC: I would like to say that, yeah… So we always start by thinking about systems from this classical point of view and then we quantize them, we elevate the classical description to some quantum mechanical theory. And so what I’m saying is that violation of Lorentz symmetry is one; the speed of the gravitational/electromagnetic waves is another one. 0:15:14 SC: So, by the way, already I disagree. 0:32:48 SC: Einstein himself was heartbroken at the prospect that if there were a quantum theory of gravity, spacetime would lose its primacy, he really felt… And he had a right, because he was the boss of spacetime, to think that without a notion of where you are in space, if that were not fundamental, he couldn’t quite see how even to do physics. We’re learning, we’re learning things which are all relevant toward quantum gravity. So that’s Lorentz invariance. The beauty of science. 0:49:54 CR: Right. So it forbids us to say things more precisely about the state of something.

Quantum gravity, we don’t have a consensus. 1:09:11 SC: Well, the hopes were always high. 1:02:00 SC: And this is a proposed experiment, it hasn’t been done yet. And Einstein wrote the equation for that. In 1988, he and Abhay Ashtekar and Lee Smolin introduced the idea of loop quantum gravity. So solving the biggest outstanding puzzle in theoretical physics today, that’s our podcast topic. 0000033101 00000 n So you have two particles, both of them in a superposition next to one another and so each one of them feels the gravitational force of the two branches in which the other one is.
0:10:41 CR: Right, at turn of the century, 40 years later. 0:19:08 SC: I think if you phrase it in the terms of predictions, everyone had better agree. So that’s one challenge. Supersymmetry is another one. So much less old than what general relativity and quantum mechanics are for today. 0:13:42 CR: Quantum mechanics is a thing that, Feynman said, nobody understands it.

0:59:29 SC: There’s always healthy… Einstein had this theory of general relativity. When you understand that those things are the same, you can say it two different ways. I’m working on the application to black holes. And string theory requires supersymmetry to work. 0:21:46 CR: Some similarities. Now, it’s less loopy than in the beginning. So SU(5) was this idea from the 1970s, before we were worrying about quantum gravity. Exactly. He has that fiery Italian temperament, but these days he works on reconciling Albert Einstein’s general relativity with the principles of quantum mechanics. And he asked himself how to describe this field. But it appears that David Hilbert was definitely in the running: https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/56892/did-hilbert-publish-general-relativity-field-equation-before-einstein. We talk about how to make progress on this knotty problem, including whether string theory will play a role (Carlo thinks not). 0:08:48 CR: Gravity is sort of easier. 0:06:11 SC: So why don’t we start just with you explaining to the audience, ’cause it’s hopefully a broad audience and they might not be physics aficionados, just who you are, how you got to be where you are, what your interests are? The idea of having a location seems something that is so intrinsic to how the world works that I would say, and probably you’ll agree, that even today, modern researchers who talk about quantum gravity very often secretly have in mind some spacetime manifold that has much more reality than it should, according to the rules of quantum gravity. And since the gravitational field we know is spacetime, it means that spacetime can be put in a superposition. That is the case with perhaps the single biggest looming question in modern theoretical physics: How we reconcile quantum mechanics, our best theory of how the world works at a fundamental level, especially at the level of tiny particles in the subatomic realm, and gravity, the theory that is explained by Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity, the idea that space and time are curved. And that’s an example in which there was a measurement at a scale not so far from the scale of quantum gravity, but more recently, there have been a number of empirical results which tell us something about quantum gravity, I believe. 1:02:00 CR: This is a proposed experiment, but if you work out the numbers, the people who manipulate these small particles, they say that they think they should be able to do it in a few years. 0000011614 00000 n 0:49:58 CR: Quite spectacularly correct, this invariance. And a program of observations of astrophysical phenomena that would violate Lorentz invariance was launched. What we want is to fit them together, to have a theory of quantum gravity, that somehow the world is fundamentally quantum mechanical and it gives rise to curved spacetime that we notice as gravity. 1:03:50 SC: It’s mathematically very beautiful, but there’s obstacles to it, like there are to other theories. It says take general relativity, we know what that is, Einstein gave it to us. And Bohr, who was a big father of quantum mechanics, immediately understood that this was wrong and it was a long discussion, and Bohr and Rosenfeld wrote a paper showing that that Landau was wrong and Landau recognized that.

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