The proposed causal chain is: warming from more CO₂ → more stable oceans, less circulation → less nutrients at surface, so less algal production → less pumping of CO₂ into deep oceans → more CO₂ remains in the atmosphere, locking in the warming. Biological activity also explains why the atmosphere is not mainly CO2 and why the oceans are not more saline. As one example, it has been shown that cloud formation over the open ocean is almost entirely a function of the metabolism of oceanic algae that emit a large sulfur molecule (as a waste gas) that becomes the condensation nuclei for raindrops. The theory asserts that living organisms and their inorganic surroundings have evolved together as a single living system that greatly affects the chemistry and conditions of Earth’s surface.
An integrated systems approach (big picture perspective) evolved through the lens of ESS. The great value of the Gaia hypothesis is that it presents the interdependence of the constituents of the geosphere in a media-friendly way. Mendel’s experiments showed that this is not so.
Gaia hypothesis, model of the Earth in which its living and nonliving parts are viewed as a complex interacting system that can be thought of as a single organism.
What is lacking is the ability to make predictions about how complexity in mycorrhizal communities will change their function as the systems and/or their environment is altered by human impacts and global change.
Dawkins thinks that it does not make sense to say that Gaia has a genome.
The Gaia Theory posits that the organic and inorganic components of Planet Earth have evolved together as a single living, self-regulating system.
The urgent need to carefully analyse land-use change and climate in the humid tropics was combined with a desire to communicate research findings clearly (Figure 18.3). Various analyses have tried to distinguish between “weak” and “strong” Gaia, with weak Gaia differing little from conventional earth system science. In mycorrhizae, diversity and mutualistic functioning unite successive systems into networks and complex systems. Although it was not clear how deforestation might threaten interdependent (homeostatic) systems because “our scientific framework is yet inadequate to make such judgments” (Dickinson, 1987, p. 1), and well before detailed disciplinary research of the 1990s–2000s, research scientists joined an international conference on ‘Climatic, Biotic, and Human Interactions in the Humid Tropics with Emphasis on the Vegetation and Climatic Interactions in Amazonia’ in Brazil in 1985. Recognition of the importance of DMS, combined with earlier cloud microphysical studies (e.g., Twomey, 1977; Twomey et al., 1984) that made the connection between droplet numbers and cloud radiative transfer properties (Ayers and Gillett, 2000), led to the CLAW1 hypothesis (Charlson et al., 1987).
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