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So please proceed with care and consider checking the Crossref privacy policy and the OpenCitations privacy policy, as well as the AI2 Privacy Policy covering Semantic Scholar. I get an incredible amount of joy from figuring stuff out, and if I could just press a button and the computer would write my papers for me, would it be as much fun? If we have no clue about where we want to go, it is unlikely that we are going to end up in an ideal situation. Moreover, the mindset that we have to invent all the technologies ourselves has led us to believe that it will take thousands of years to move to another solar system.

If we get this right, the upside will be far more significant than the benefits we reaped going from cavemen to the present day. On the Impossibility of Supersized Machines. Tegmark: Well, for superintelligence, we certainly don’t have one. He describes all of this and more in this interview. Step one is to get all the experts in the room, with the diplomats and the politicians, and figure out where to draw the line. Similarly, no country should fund computer science research without putting a decent slice towards the steering part. It is critical that we handle AI weapons in a similar way. This is the 31st interview in the Tech Influencers series. Tegmark later returned to Europe and accepted an appointment as a research associate with the Max-Planck-Institut für Physik in Munich. To read future articles in this series, please follow me on on Twitter @PeterAHigh.).
This was true with fire and with the automobile engine, and I believe we were successful in those missions. Here in America, I think we’re very complacent and we’re resting on our laurels. On the flip side, governments need to step it up and provide more funding for the safety research. If we can articulate a shared, positive vision that catches on around the world, I believe we have a real chance of getting there.

The MIT physics professor told New Scientist in 1998 that “All possible universes exist, even triangular ones.” He also informed Scientific American in 2003 that “Not just a staple of science fiction, other universes are a direct implication of cosmological observations”: High: What role do private sector, academic, and governmental institutions play? As the title suggests, AI will redefine what it means to be human due to the scale of the changes it will bring about. How will we ensure that AI is not a wedge to divide the haves and have-nots further apart? It’s not because it’s impossible, but what’s really key is the stigma by itself. the dblp computer science bibliography is funded by: Pareto-Optimal Data Compression for Binary Classification Tasks. All of today’s greatest problems can be solved with better technology, ultimately. To be as ambitious as possible, we need to think about all three elements, which are the power, the steering, and the destination of the technology.

There’s been a lot of economic studies that show the best investment you can make in your economic future education and basic research. Orlovはこう語る。｢これでなにもかもが終わりなんだ――だれもがそう思った。鉄の潜水艦に閉じ込められ、外から絶え間なくトンカチでぶったたかれているような感じがした｣, アメリカ軍が知らなかった事実はほかにもあった。B-59は弾頭に核爆弾を積んだ魚雷を搭載していた。しかもモスクワとの連携なしに独自の判断で発射する権限を持っていたのだ。はたして、Savitski艦長は核魚雷を発射すると決断した。魚雷士官だったValentin Grigorievich艦員は｢われわれは死ぬが、やつらもすべて沈めてやるぞ！ 我が海軍の誇りにかけて！｣と叫んだそうだ。, 幸運なことに、核魚雷を発射するには3名の海軍将校の許可が必要であり、その中の1名、Vasili Arkhipovが拒否権を行使した。今日においてArkhipovの名を知る人こそ少ないが、彼の英断こそが、近代史における人類への最大の貢献だったのではないだろうか。彼のおかげで第3次世界大戦を回避できたのかもしれないからである。もしもB-59が完全自動化されたAI搭載機で、人間の判断が関与していなかったらと考えると、ひやりとする。, 20年後の1983年9月9日、またしてもアメリカ－ソビエト連邦間の緊張感が高まっていた。当時のアメリカ大統領、ロナルド・レーガンはソ連を｢悪の帝国｣と批判し、その1週間前にはソ連が自国の空域に迷い込んだ大韓航空007便を撃沈し、ひとりのアメリカ下院議員を含む269名の命が失われていた。, そのような状況の中、ソ連の自動早期警告システムが作動し、アメリカがソ連に向けて核ミサイルを5発発射したと伝えてきた。担当していたStanislav Petrov士官がこの警報の真偽を判断するのに許された時間はほんの数分だった。ミサイルを検知した人工衛星が正常に機能していることが確認された以上、マニュアルどおりであればPetrov士官はこの時点でアメリカからの核攻撃を上部に報告しなければならなかった。しかし、彼は自分の直感を信じた。アメリカが本気で攻撃してくるのならミサイル5発では済まないだろうと判断し、真偽はわからぬままに、上部には誤報だったと報告したのだ。後になって、人工衛星が雲に映った太陽光の照り返しをロケットエンジンの炎と誤認識したことが明らかになった。もしPetrov士官がAIシステムに取り変わられて、マニュアルどおりの手続きを順守していたらどうなっていたのか、案じずにはいられない。, 大量生産ベースに乗れば、小型のAIドローン兵器の値段はスマートフォンより若干高いぐらいだろうと言われている。政界の要人を暗殺したいテロリストであれ、フラれた腹いせから元彼女に復讐を誓う恋人であれ、AIドローンを利用することはいとも簡単だ。ターゲットとなる人の写真と所在地をドローンに読み込めば、あとはAIまかせでドローンが自動的に犯行現場に向かい、ターゲットを確認して抹殺し、犯行後は自爆して証拠隠滅を図れるという具合だ。または、民族浄化に余念がないのであれば、AIドローンに特定の肌の色や人種の特徴を持った人のみを殺すようプログラムできる。カリフォルニア大学バークレー校のAI研究者、Stuart Russell教授の推察では、AI兵器が賢くなればなるほど、一回の殺人にかかる材料費、燃料費などのコストが減少するそうだ。例えば、クマバチ程度の小さいドローンを開発できれば、最小限の爆薬を使って眼球を狙撃し、低コストで暗殺できるという。人の眼球はやわらかく反発が少ないので、小さな弾丸でも脳まで貫通させてしまう。あるいは、ドローンが金属質のツメで人の頭にガッチリとしがみつき、そこから極小の成形炸薬弾を打てば、頭蓋骨を貫通して脳髄を破壊できる。そのように小さなキラーマシンがトラックの荷台に何千万と積まれて送り込まれたとしたら、人類は今までに類を見ない恐ろしい大量破壊兵器と対面することになる。それらのキラーマシンは、事前に設定されたカテゴリーの人種のみを自動的に探し出し、殺す。他の人や物は、まったく影響を受けないだろう。, このような懸念を払拭するためには、AI兵器を道徳基準にかなった設計にすればいいという反論をよく耳にする。例えば、戦場においては敵軍の兵士のみを殺すように設定すればいいという主張だ。残念ながら、AI兵器が開発されないように国際的な規制をかけるのがそもそも困難であるのに、100％道徳基準を満たしたAI兵器を開発するよう法律で定めるのはもっと難しいのではないだろうか？ そもそも、責任ある文明国において訓練を受けた職業兵士よりも、ロボットのほうが常に道徳的であると言い切れるのだろうか？ また同時に、テロリストグループや独裁者、ほか無法国家の暴君が法を順守し、必ず道徳的な規準に従ってロボットを送り出してくると言い切れるのだろうか？ このような観点から、何千ものAI研究者は完全自律稼働型兵器の先制的な全面禁止を訴えている。, AIの軍事利用についてはもうひとつ興味深い側面がある。武器を持たずとも敵をサイバー攻撃できるのだ。未来を予感する小さな前兆として、スタックスネットというコンピュータワームがある。広くアメリカとイスラエル政府に由来すると考えられているこのワームは、イランの核濃縮プログラムを感染させて遠心分離機を自己破壊させた。社会の自動化が進むにつれ、そして攻撃してくるAIの破壊力が増していくにつれて、サイバー戦争は比例を見ない惨事となりかねない。敵の自動運転車や自動操縦機、原子力施設、工業機械、コミュニケーションや金融システム、電力グリッドなどにハッキングをしかけて破壊すれば、敵国の経済を傾かせ、防衛機能を著しく低下させることができるのだ。ついでに敵国のAI兵器もハッキングできれば、なお効果的だ。, ハッキングに対して強固であれば、AI技術が人類にもたらす短期的なメリットは数知れないのも事実だ。AIそのものがAIを強固にし、サイバー攻撃に備えることもできる。それと同時に、敵側にも同じことが言えるので油断はならない。サイバー攻撃に耐えうる防御システムを保持することが、当面のAI開発においての最大の目的となるだろう。なぜなら、守り抜けなかった場合は、AI技術が寝返ってこちらに牙を向けてくるはずだからである。. As technology grows more powerful, the wisdom in which we manage it must keep up." We discovered fire, screwed up a lot, and then invented the fire extinguisher. After the keynote address, we spoke via phone about the challenges around AI, especially as they relate to autonomous weapons and defense systems like the Pentagon’s controversial Project Maven program. At the same time, Twitter will persitently store several cookies with your web browser.

Sort of, says Max Tegmark, ... Musk, who also donated $10 million to FLI in 2015, also recommended Life 3.0 on Twitter. Although work has begun in this area, these problems are hard, and it may take roughly 30 years to solve them. Add open access links from to the list of external document links (if available). We may need to redefine ourselves as a result.

Therein lies the rub, I think, because our old strategy for winning this race has been learning from mistakes. To protect your privacy, all features that rely on external API calls from your browser are turned off by default. VentureBeat: I’m gonna end with one last big-picture question here.
They should remember that the next time they vote and whenever they exert influence, we want to create a future for everybody. The Machine I have advised many of the best chief information officers at multi-billion, I am the president of Metis Strategy, a business and IT strategy firm that I founded in 2001. It is far more effective to be proactive and plan ahead, rather than reactive. Tegmark: Well, to me, one of the most interesting questions isn’t what it will look like, but what we should do to make it look good. You mentioned there are some attributes that we still share with our distant ancestors. Since 2008, I have moderated a widely listened to podcast entitled “Technovation with Peter High,” which features a wide array of IT thought-leaders, and is available at www.forumonworldclassit.com on a weekly basis. VentureBeat: Yeah, certainly. Max Tegmark (right) is probably better known as a multiverse cosmologist than as an AI specialist. I am not talking about getting 10 percent richer or curing a minor disease, but I want people to think big. This was true with fire and with the automobile engine, and I believe we were successful in those missions.

In a society where many of us are defined by the work that we do, it is quite unsettling to know that, what I love about my day job today will be done better by AI. LIFE 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence, 【日本初公開】MITテグマーク教授の新刊『Life 3.0～人工知能の時代に人間であること～』から抜粋。AIの軍事利用を禁止するのはなぜ難しいのか？. When this happened, the biologists pushed hard to get an international ban on bioweapons, and as a result, most people cannot remember the last time they read about a bioweapon terrorist attack in the newspaper. Each is exerting influence in their own ways, and they are progressing at different rates.

Was that scaremongering? So please proceed with care and consider checking the Unpaywall privacy policy. Improved Measures of Integrated Information. Gated Orthogonal Recurrent Units: On Learning to Forget. Unfortunately, I believe this is what we are doing as we continue to build more powerful technology, especially with AI. There are some obvious decisions that need to be made now, such as how income inequality will be handled. Learnability for the Information Bottleneck. Tegmark: Academia is great for developing solutions to AI safety problems while making them publicly available so that everyone in the world can use them. Tegmark likes the analogy of the automobile to make the case for what is necessary for AI to be beneficial for humanity. While we have doubled our life expectancy and seen new technologies emerge, we are still stuck on this tiny planet, and the majority of people still die within a century.

I am encouraged, and I find that the leaders are mostly an idealistic bunch. I am struck by the caveman analogy.

You have written persuasively about the possibility of what we do being taken over by AI. When and where did your interest in the topic of Artificial Intelligence [AI] begin? But if it never gets to that mass production stage, then it will remain just a nuisance in the grand scheme of things, so that AI as a whole will be viewed as a positive thing. When we were cavemen, the most powerful technology we had were rocks and sticks, which limited our ancestors’ ability to cause significant damage.

However, as technology gets more powerful, the margin for error is evaporating, and one mistake in the future may be one too many. But, as with biology, it’s not a foregone conclusion. I really do think this is very, very feasible, and really something that can happen. As companies become more high-tech, we must make twists to the system to avoid leaving more people behind and ending up with far more income inequality.

Even if we can produce all that we need with machines and figure out how to share the wealth, it does not solve the question of how that purpose and meaning will be replaced.

Privacy notice: By enabling the option above, your browser will contact the API of unpaywall.org to load hyperlinks to open access articles. Max Tegmark, professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and cofounder of the Future of Life Institute (FLI), biological weapons in Syria under the Assad regime, some interesting stuff going on with Google DeepMind. If machines can do everything with technology, what kind of future would fire us up? An Elementary Proof That the Biharmonic Green Function of an Eccentric Ellipse Changes Sign.

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