In this provocative book, he argues that fashion, faith, and fantasy, while sometimes productive and even essential in physics, may be leading today's researchers astray in three of the field's most important areas-string theory, quantum mechanics, and cosmology.
It’s the winner of a Nobel Prize, is it not?
“My baby,” as he touchingly describes the theory, has never entered mainstream physics, and he is obviously frustrated that so few physicists have engaged with the basic ideas, although they are widely admired for their ingenuity.
ROGER PENROSE: Well, I think we do. The book is based on his lectures that he gave at Princeton University in 2003.
This fashionable and mathematically beautiful theory has attracted a global following over the past three decades, but has yet to make a prediction that has been verified by experiment.
Sir Roger Penrose (pictured above) is one of the most important theoretical physicists of the past 50 years. This is part of the framework of quantum mechanics.
He is even more unhappy about the state of modern cosmology, the science of the origin and development of the universe. Well, it’s a very artificial theory. P: (800) 331-1622
From string theory to the Big Bang – an explosive study from an eminent refusenik. Something like that? But you have to believe that sort of thing if you explain things like the two said experiments in very many fundamental experiments in quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics makes many such predictions.
I have the cat going into a room which has two doors, and the doors are– one of them– and the other one are open– only one is open, but it’s a superposition of one being open or the other.
In this provocative book, he argues that fashion, faith, and fantasy, while sometimes productive and even essential in physics, may be leading today's researchers astray in three of the field's most important areas--string theory, quantum mechanics, and cosmology.
The eminent mathematician and physicist Roger Penrose identifies several possible sources of the rot.
The faith– my chapter about faith is about quantum mechanics. The faith, though, is not about string theory.
Once registered you can read a total of 3 articles each month, plus: Already registered or a current subscriber?Sign in now, Head of UK Research & Innovation will urge scientists to help shed public view that research is an ‘elite and alien world inhabited by boffins’, But far-right voters view the failure to reproduce results as reason not to trust science as a whole, unique survey data from Germany show, Hopes are high for a new university in Georgia after it signed a partnership deal with Technical University of Munich, Oxford epidemiologist and lockdown critic says ‘puritanical’ criticism of idea of herd immunity has chilled legitimate scientific and policy debate. I suspect that most leading research physicists will reject Penrose’s criticisms of the state of physics, and that they will sympathise with the distinguished Stanford University theorist Leonard Susskind, who told Penrose after attending one of his lectures on string theory: “You are quite right, of course, but totally misguided.” For the urbane Penrose, comments like that fall like water off a duck’s back and he appears content to be semi-detached from the mainstream. Marcus Chown, formerly a radio astronomer at the California Institute of Technology, is author, most recently, of What a Wonderful World: Life, the Universe and Everything in a Nutshell (2014). So he was arguing that there needs to be something else which goes beyond the evolution that he had put forward, the Schrodinger equation.
Roger Penrose, an elder statesman of physics, considers the problem.
ROGER PENROSE: Well, string theory– I don’t mind the strings. Some of these leading physicists are among the pioneers of string theory, the only candidate for a unified and fundamental description of nature at the deepest level. We know it happens with the individual particles, that they can be two places at once, but we don’t believe that it can happen to cats. The first of Penrose’s three major concerns is the “faith” that physicists have that quantum theory is fundamentally a theory of isolated objects.
. Here Penrose does an excellent job of explaining the usual story and why there’s a problem, but it is not clear that this problem requires new physical laws, non-linearities, or the introduction of gravitational effects.
But they’re not very far apart.
You know, there are lots of theories about the way the universe works.
. And they’ve been working on an experiment, which puts a little tiny mirror– this mirror is about a tenth of the thickness of a human hair in diameter– and this mirror would be put into a superposition of two different locations. Penrose’s “baby” suddenly became fashionable and, through developments of Witten’s theory and Penrose’s original ideas, led to deep new quantum insights into how fundamental particles scatter off each other. Peter Woit is Senior Lecturer in the mathematics department at Columbia University and since 2004 has been blogging on topics in physics and mathematics at http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/blog.
There’s always the possibility that it might win. ROGER PENROSE: They don’t do anything like that yet. These are puzzles to do with the cosmic microwave background, this radiation, which is coming in all directions– microwave radiation, electromagnetic, coming in from all directions. Who’s going to get a graduate student to work on some of these new Ideas? String theory is based partly on quantum theory, which was first presented about 90 years ago to describe the atomic and subatomic and is the most accurately tested theory in the history of science. His early work included ground-breaking results on general relativity and singularity theorems for solutions of Einstein’s equations. IRA FLATOW: Mm-hmm.
That was what he was more or less saying. But it’s something about how long these two positions can last. In Fashion, Faith, and Fantasy in the New Physics of the Universe .
It seems from Faith, Fashion and Fantasy that Penrose has not felt comfortable with any of the radical new ideas in fundamental physics that have been set out in the past 40 years.
My objection to strings is more that the higher dimensional idea doesn’t really make sense in the physical world in which we live.
You also take on our idea of the multiverse, the many– unlimited number of universes that we may be living in. Penrose is sometimes described as a “maverick”, but his point of view on physics and mathematics is in many ways quite conservative. And I think that’s one of the reasons that– that’s the fashion aspect of it. IRA FLATOW: Yeah, we could go.
The cat has to be in the superposition position of alive and dead. Fashion, Faith and Fantasy in the New Physics of the Universe is based on a series of lectures with the same title that he gave 13 years ago in Princeton. "Physics has been at an awkward impasse for the past century. This is not necessarily bad, as the ultimate arbiter of whether or not theories are correct is nature and not physicists. And there are certain observations about it which are hard to explain without inflation. Two theories—quantum mechanics and general relativity—are widely believed to be true. In his new book Fashion, Faith, and Fantasy in the New Physics of the Universe, theoretical physicist Roger Penrose argues against the widespread attention given to some prominent theories about the universe, including string theory. The book's title appeals to a popular-level readership, and it is sure to end up on …
But quantum mechanics says it would be in a superposition of going through the two doors. In my book, it’s not alive and dead. ROGER PENROSE: The trouble is quantum gravity, to my mind, is the wrong thing to do. Fidelity to the original aired/published audio or video file might vary, and text might be updated or amended in the future. String theory is the focus of Penrose’s first chapter. I mean, of course, one of the reasons behind the idea is that they might eventually do this. Just register and complete your career summary. ROGER PENROSE: Indeed. And why is it that you don’t see this sort of thing?
But it does do other things– which, if it’s true– there are certain puzzles.
. An artistic representation of a wormhole, via Shutterstock. Since physics is not an endeavour pursued by an army of ultra-logical Mr Spocks but rather by human beings, fashion, faith and fantasy play a role. In Fashion, Faith, and Fantasy in the New Physics of the Universe.
It doesn’t actually stretch the universe out.
.
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