siege of thebes alexander

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However, Alexander sent in his reserves and the situation started to improve. Alexander successfully pacified each in turn, leaving him free to begin the long planned invasion of Persia.
In 479 Mardonius returned to Attica and occupied Athens for a second time, but this (and severe Athenian pressure) finally convinced the Peloponnesians to move north to fight the Persians in Attica or Boeotia. He was by no means eager to destroy the city. The first part of the force he ordered to attack the palisades that were around the city itself. The decisive battle was eventually fought at Plataea, just inside Boeotia, and the Greeks won a crushing victory. He was by no means eager to destroy the city.

[1], News of Philip's death roused many states into revolt including Thebes, Athens, Thessaly and the Thracian tribes to the north of Macedon. The Siege of Pelium was undertaken by Alexander the Great against the Illyrian tribes of what is modern day Albania. [5], The Macedonians marched to the Danube River where they encountered the Getae tribe on the opposite shore.

- Contact Us - Search - Recent - About Us -  Subscribe in a reader - Join our Google Group Alexander brought ships up the Danube to use in an assault on the island.

The battle went on for some time, and it was in doubt. Despite this moral defeat, the Theban assembly met and decided upon war with Alexander with great enthusiasm. ... Another group of Sogdians sought safety in a mountain refuge and Alexander's catapults and siege equipment forced their surrender also. When Xerxes invaded Greece in 480 BC the Thebans had decided to side with the Persians. Alexander was now finally free to undertake the Persian campaign which had been planned for so long by his father. They built these in addition to the works they had constructed outside of the city itself. It was critical for Alexander to take this pass as it provided easy access to Illyria and Macedonia, which was urgently needed in order to quell the unrest in Greece at this time in Athens and Thebes. Bose, Partha. - Cookies. The third part being a reserve, that was to plug up any holes and to press up any advantages that the Macedonians gained in the course of the siege. The Persians moved towards Phocis and the long road home, while the Greeks took refuge in Thebes. They then decided to move against Thebes. Spitamenes was betrayed by his own troops and the resistance ended. A force of 4,000 infantry and 1,500 cavalry crossed the river, to the amazement of the Getae army of 14,000 men. Alexander was benevolent toward the Sogdians. At the same time the Greek army was dissolved, ending the campaign in mainland Greece. The will to fight left the Sogdians. When Xerxes invaded Greece in 480 BC the Thebans had decided to side with the Persians. The Siege of Pelium was undertaken by Alexander the Great against the Illyrian tribes of what is modern day Albania. At Corinth, he was given the title 'Hegemon' of the Greek forces against the Persians. After twenty days Timagenidas offered to surrender in order to avoid more suffering, as long as Thebes agreed to provide money to pay any ransom. The Thebans refused to surrender their leaders, and so the Greeks began a siege of the city, both attacking the walls and devastating Theban farmland in the hope that this would force the city to surrender. After having been made Hegemon of the League of Corinth, Alexander had marched to the north to deal with revolts in Illyria and Thrace.

Though his advisors advised him to use diplomacy, Alexander mustered the Macedonian cavalry of 3,000 men and rode south towards Thessaly, Macedon's immediate neighbor to the south. Taking this place allowed Alexander to march his army to southern Greece quickly, which would eventually result in the total destruction of Thebes. [1] They were aware that there was to be no quarter. On the open ground, they were crushed by Alexander's infantry and cavalry, leaving behind 3,000 dead.

When news of the revolt reached Alexander he responded quickly. The Thracians had constructed a palisade of carts, which they intended to throw upon the approaching Macedonians. Athens sued for peace and Alexander received the envoy and pardoned anyone involved with the uprising.

[4], Meanwhile, a large Triballian army led by their king, Syrmus, advanced upon the Macedonian rear. On the same day as Plataea the Greeks defeated the Persian fleet in a land battle at Mycale, and then went on to besiege their headquarters in the Hellespont region at Sestos. The Getae army retreated after the first cavalry skirmish, leaving their town to the Macedonian army.[6]. The condition was; Phoenix and Prothytes - men at the center of the insurrection - were to be surrendered to him at once. The Macedonian army marched up to Mount Haemus, where they met a Thracian garrison manning the heights. The siege of Thebes (479 BC) followed the Greek victory over the invading Persians at Plataea, and ended after the main Persian supporters in Thebes surrendered. Alexander constructed two siege towers from timber covered with rawhide and positioned them at the end of the causeway. The second to form in line of battle and face the Theban infantry. The Thebans made everything ready to fight to the last man, and put their women and children in the city temples. The Cadmae in Thebes - commanded by Philotas - had fortified itself as best it might against the Thebans outside in the city itself. Despite this moral defeat, the Theban assembly met and decided upon war with Alexander with great enthusiasm. He approached the city very slowly and initially encamped far from the city, hoping to awaken the city to its dangerous situation. The victorious Greeks spent some time burying their dead (and arguing about who had performed best at the battle). The West Thracian Triballian king Syrmus took refuge on Peuce Island in the Danube Delta when pursued by Alexander the Great. The Macedonian army of 15,000 defeated the Illyrians, built a new outpost and crucially for Alexander, gained a quick access point to march towards Thebes. [1] When things were finally ready, Alexander divided his force into three parts.

Fighting did continue in Asia Minor and the Hellespont region. This was an important point of demarcation in Alexander's early reign, as it established him among the Danubian tribes to the north as a serious monarch to be reckoned with, just as he would later establish this precedent for the Greek city states under his hegemony. Unsurprisingly the Thebans accepted this offer, and the surrender was soon negotiated. The Theban cavalry was placed within the palisades themselves. Siege of Thebes Background.

As Alexander's ships failed to enter the river, Alexander's army made rafts out of their leather tents. A Theban contingent had fought on the Greek side at Thermopylae, but had surrendered on the third day, and their involvement was probably not entirely voluntary. Beyond this, he promised to harm no one. Part of his army, under the command of his brother-in-law Mardonius, was left in Thessaly to continue the war in the following year. Attaginus was clearly more aware of their likely fate, and managed to escape, but Timagenidas and the other ringleaders surrendered. While Pelion is known to be in modern-day Albania, the exact location is not known. This page was last edited on 30 December 2019, at 21:20. Alexander the Great's Art of Strategy.
The Thebans planned their defense in the following manner. Pausanias was also aware that some of his fellow Greeks were likely to accept bribes to arrange for the freedom of the Theban leaders, and so he quickly took them back to Corinth and had them executed. The attempts failed due to the swift current of the river, steep banks, and fierce defense. However, the Thebans replied that he should surrender Antipater and Philotas to them. With the destruction of Thebes, mainland Greece again acquiesced in Alexander's rule. The siege of Thebes (479 BC) followed the Greek victory over the invading Persians at Plataea, and ended after the main Persian supporters in Thebes surrendered.. Artillery engines at the top of these towers were able to return fire at the walls, and the work gangs erected timber palisades as an added measure of protection. He was reinforced along the way by the Agriani, a Thracian tribe under the command of Alexander's friend, Langarus. [2], Alexander stopped at Thermopylae, where he was recognised as the leader of the Sacred League before heading south to Corinth. Philip's son, and previously designated heir, Alexander was proclaimed king by the Macedonian noblemen and army. The Macedonian archers shot and when the Macedonian heavy infantry reached the top of the mountain they routed the Thracians. In 336 BC, while attending the wedding of his daughter by Olympias, Cleopatra and Olympias' brother, Alexander I of Epirus at Aegae, Philip II was assassinated by the captain of his bodyguard, Pausanias. In 336 BC, Alexander undertook a siege at Pelion against the Illyrian coalition led by Glaukias the Taulantian and Cleitus the Dardanian. The Battle of Thebes was a battle that took place between Alexander III of Macedon and the Greek city state of Thebes in 335 BC immediately outside of and in the city proper. The Persians then suffered a naval defeat at Salamis, and Xerxes decided to return home. The Triballians retreated to a gorge, where they were drawn out by Alexander's light infantry. The Balkan campaign of Alexander the Great took place in 335 BC, against a number of rebellious vassals of the Macedonian kingdom. It took Alexander three days to get everything ready for the general assault that was about to take place against the city. Last edited on 30 December 2019, at 21:20, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander%27s_Balkan_campaign&oldid=933256067#Thebes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 12,000 heavy infantry, 8,000 light infantry, 3,000 cavalry (4.000 infantry, 1.500 cavalry versus Getae). Alexander's Campaign > Siege of Thebes. It was around this time that Philotas and his garrison broke out of the citadel and began fighting in the battle as well. The Thessalians surrendered and added their cavalry to Alexander's force as he rode down towards the Peloponnese. The destruction of Thebes early in Alexander's career was probably a consequence of such depression.

The Thebans refused to submit on merciful terms, and he assaulted the city, razed it to the ground, and sold all the survivors into slavery. [1] However, Alexander had an overwhelming number of experienced troops at the gates of the city at this time. It was critical for Alexander to take this pass as it provided easy access to Illyria and Macedonia, which was urgently needed in order to quell the unrest in Greece at this time in Athens and Thebes. Once the siege began, the Thebans fought desperately, fearing for their homes, wives and children. [4] This request was not accepted. Alexander had, indeed, been injured during this siege, so it was not a totally implausible claim to make. The defeated Persians and their Greek allies retreated in different directions. Help - F.A.Q. [1] However, Alexander had an overwhelming number of experienced troops at the gates of the city at this time. Allen & Unwin. Upon learning of the alleged death of Alexander, Theban exiles in Athens raced off to their native city in Boeotia and sought to incite a revolt from Macedonian rule there. The Siege of Pelium was undertaken by Alexander the Great against the Illyrian tribes of what is modern day Albania.

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