The cold causes freezing of your skin and underlying tissues. If a person cannot avoid spending time outside in extreme cold, the following measures can help to reduce the risk: A person starting to show symptoms of frostbite should seek medical attention. Learn more about frostbite symptoms, treatment, how fast frostbite can occur, and what frostbite looks like. Frostbite is usually diagnosed by the typical symptoms in someone who has been exposed to extreme, cold weather. A person may not be able to detect high temperatures in the frostbitten areas, and the individual may burn the area without realizing. You can also use newspaper and similar materials to start a small, controlled fire that can help keep you warm. The tissues and fluids in the affected part may freeze, causing soft tissue to die. Fingers, toes, nose, ears, cheeks and chin are the usual areas where frostbite occurs. The fingers, toes and feet are most commonly affected but other extremities, including the nose, ears and cheeks, can also develop frostbite. Frostbite can cause feelings of cold and firmness in the affected area, such as the fingers or toes. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. However, if there is a chance that the affected area could re-freeze then it is safer to keep it frozen until safe. Wearing adequate clothing, preferably in layers, as this traps the warm air inside. Deep frostbite corresponds to third-degree or fourth-degree frostbite. Try to ensure the person is rehydrated. Generally, frostbite is worst in lower temperatures. Secondly, finding shelter is vital, whether it be a homeless shelter or a physical structure that will help to keep you out of the wind and hold heat. 2011 Jun22(2):156-66. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2011.03.003. COVID-19: how to treat coronavirus at home. Second-degree frostbite may affect the epidermis and part of the dermis. Heat exhaustion occurs if the body is dehydrated and is unable to regulate its internal temperature. You are more at risk of developing frostbite if you have had alcohol or recreational drugs which make you drowsy or behave differently to usual. Try our Symptom Checker Got any other symptoms? A person with frostbite can place affected body parts in warm water until normal color returns.
This only affects the surface of the skin. Superficial frostbite corresponds to first-degree or second-degree frostbite. Remove all wet clothes and replace them with dry ones. Rapid re-warming can be done using heated water which should be kept at 37-39°C. Special scans are sometimes used to assess the degree of frostbite and to determine how much tissue is damaged. Patient aims to help the world proactively manage its healthcare, supplying evidence-based information on a wide range of medical and health topics to patients and health professionals. Sometimes the skin is red. Frostbite can be described using these four levels but it may simply be described as superficial frostbite or deep frostbite. Tiny blood clots might occur as circulation decreases. Warm drinks should be used where possible. When parts of the body do not receive enough oxygen-rich blood, the cells and tissues may die. Your email address will not be published. Cardiovascular collapse and sepsis can also occur. Without treatment, it can develop into heatstroke. Complications may include hypothermia or compartment syndrome. Frostbite can cause permanent physical damage and might even lead to amputation. It feels frozen and hard. Wear waterproof clothing so that your body is kept dry. There is also usually quite a lot of swelling of the affected area. Vitamin D and coronavirus: is there evidence it can help? Over some weeks, black thick scabs form. Several steps can help you stay warm if you find yourself homeless in freezing temperatures. I am homeless with no access to a warm environment or medical insurance.
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