The attempt to introduce European-style urban housing suffered from such inattention to local detail that Inuit could not fit through the doors in their winter clothing and fire escapes were constantly blocked by fishing gear too bulky to fit into the cramped apartments. In 1261, the population accepted the overlordship of the Norwegian King as well, although it continued to have its own law. Some have argued that the coasts in question were literally green at the time due to the medieval climate optimum, in as much as the Viking settlers practised some form of an agrarian economy. A plantation of exotic arctic trees was created in 1954 near Narsarsuaq.[57].
The bodies were dressed in fifteenth century medieval clothing with no indications of malnutrition or genetic deterioration. [48] Two child converts sent to Copenhagen for the coronation of Christian VI returned in 1733 with smallpox, devastating the island. The colony depended on Europe (Iceland and Norway) for iron tools, wood (especially for boatbuilding), supplemental foods, and religious and social contacts.
Middens at these sites do show an increasingly impoverished diet for humans and livestock. [29] The Inuit, being a hunting society, may have hunted the Norse livestock, forcing the Norse into conflict or abandonment of their settlements. The last group from what later became Canada arrived in 1864. During the 980s, explorers led by Erik the Red set out from Iceland and reached the southwest coast of Greenland, found the region uninhabited, and subsequently settled there. By the mid-fourteenth century deposits from a chieftain’s farm showed a large number of cattle and caribou remains, whereas, a poorer farm only several kilometers away had no trace of domestic animal remains, only seal. In 1888 a Norwegian named Fridtjof Nansen led the first expedition to cross Greenland.
Although Iceland was completely uninhabited prior to being settled by the Norse, the Norse in Greenland had to deal with the Inuit. Eventually the European population of Greenland rose to over 3,000. Archaeological evidence points to this culture predating the Norse or Thule settlements. In 1985, the island became the only territory to leave the European Union, which it had joined as a part of Denmark in 1973. [24] But they never learned to use the hunting techniques of the Inuit, one being a farming culture, the other living on hunting in more northern areas with pack ice. Inquiry into these factors has led to numerous studies and new discoveries. [25] Excavations of middens from the Norse farms in both Greenland and Iceland show the shift from the bones of cows and pigs to those of sheep and goats.
They report an instance of hostility initiated by the Inuit against the Norse, leaving eighteen Greenlanders dead and two boys carried into slavery. Bone samples from Greenland Norse cemeteries confirm that the typical Greenlander diet had increased by this time from 20% sea animals to 80%. Greenland Home Rule has become increasingly Greenlandized, rejecting Danish and avoiding regional dialects to standardize the country under the language and culture of the Kalaallit (West Greenland Inuit). [26] The study also found that the lowest winter temperatures of the last 2,000 years occurred in the late 14th century and early 15th century. [23], One intriguing fact is that very few fish remains are found among their middens. The level of contact is currently the subject of widespread debate, possibly including Viking trade with Thule or Dorsets in Canada or possible scavenging of abandoned Norse sites (see also Maine penny).
In protest against foreign involvement in the region, the Greenlandic polar bear was included in the state's coat of arms in the 1660s (it was removed in 1958 but remains part of the royal coat of arms). An intriguing factor was the lack of fish remains among their garbage. Greenland is an autonomous part of Denmark. In the 17th century whaling brought English, Dutch and German ships to Greenland where the whales were sometimes processed ashore but no permanent settlement was made.
Today the official name of Greenland is Kalaallit Nunaat. Around 1200, another Arctic culture – the Thule – arrived from the west, having emerged 200 years earlier in Alaska. The practitioners of these two cultures are thought to have descended from separate groups that came to Greenland from northern Canada.
Greenland’s major physical feature is its massive ice sheet, which is second only to Antarctica’s in size. In 1979 Greenland was granted home rule. Kalaallisut was made the official language of Greenland instead of Danish. The sagas mention Icelanders traveling to Greenland to trade, but chieftains and large farm owners had control over trade.
The United States upgraded the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System to a phased array radar.
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